DKRCI Ltd., a specialized Israel-based technology developer, is leading the development of a state-of-the-art Advanced Semiconductor Materials & Analysis Laboratory. This pioneering initiative is made possible through the commitment of external private capital, funding a multi-million dollar investment into a premier hub for innovation and research.

The project aims to create a world-class facility to support the semiconductor ecosystem with advanced R&D and analytical services. The laboratory will be equipped with a comprehensive suite of metrology and analytical tools to address complex challenges at the forefront of advanced packaging and contamination control.

Focus on Research and Education:

A core mission of this initiative is to foster collaboration between industry and academia. The laboratory is designed to:

Partner with Leading Universities to provide hands-on research opportunities for graduate students and post-doctoral researchers.

Enable Groundbreaking Academic Research in materials science and surface physics, providing access to cutting-edge analytical techniques.

Develop Future Industry Leaders through specialized training programs focused on advanced semiconductor manufacturing processes.

Technical Capabilities:

The hub will feature capabilities for definitive root-cause analysis, including:

Ultra-Trace Contamination Analysis: Characterization of ionic, metallic, and organic contaminants.

Defect and Particle Inspection & Classification: Utilizing advanced surface scanning and automated review tools.

Materials and Surface Science: In-depth analysis via XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), XRD, and SEM/EDX.

Strategic Global Presence:

To best serve the global semiconductor ecosystem and our academic partners, the laboratory will be strategically located in Southeast Asia, a dynamic region central to the industry's supply chain. This location will facilitate collaboration with both leading manufacturers and renowned academic institutions.

A Commitment to Collaboration:

This project represents a significant step in bridging the gap between theoretical research and industrial application. We believe open collaboration is key to driving the next wave of technological innovation.

The project is currently in the advanced planning and procurement phase. We look forward to sharing further milestones as development progresses.

About DKRCI Ltd.:
DKRCI Ltd. is a specialized technology developer focused on building and operating high-value ventures within the semiconductor supply chain. Our expertise lies in project execution, technical operations, and creating synergistic partnerships between industry and academia.

We create orthodontic tools that fundamentally enhance the precision of bracket placement on the tooth surface, reducing both the time of the procedure and the number of follow-up visits for bracket adjustment.

Exploiting Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Radar for Investigating Soil Chemistry
The measurement of time disparities between the arrivals of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) pulses, reflected from the air/soil interface, can serve as an encompassing metric to gauge the chemical composition of the soil, considering its density and moisture.
The derived theoretical results showcase the fundamental capabilities of soil probing, evaluating moisture, soil frost depth, and ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (presence of essential micro-elements) using UWB pulses. These findings gain particular relevance in light of the recent advancements in technologies and the production of portable vector reflectometers, which can be mounted on ultra-light unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Consequently, there unfolds the prospect of developing UWB radar mapping technology aboard UAVs for primary soil and snow cover characteristics and chemical soil analysis, complementing existing systems used in precision agriculture.

Existing restrictions of satellite carriers can be overcome by utilizing ultra-light UAVs with a takeoff weight of approximately 5-10 kg and an operational radius of several kilometers, equipped with microwave radiometric or radar sensors of high spatial resolution operating in ranges up to 60 GHz.
The most promising avenue for the development of radio wave probing methods from aboard UAVs involves the use of UWB electromagnetic pulses, applying methods of ground-penetrating radar sub-surface probing, and synthesizing antenna apertures.
However, the processes of propagation of UWB pulses of nanosecond and sub-nanosecond duration in the soil cover during thawing and freezing are not sufficiently studied, which currently restrains the development of UWB radar technologies for geophysical parameters of snow cover and plow soil layer.

Our partner laboratory in Kazakstan Republic has experimentally demonstrated the capability of remotely measuring moisture profiles in the surface layer of mineral soil, based on measuring reflection coefficients at horizontal and vertical polarizations at frequencies ranging from 0.63 GHz to 50 GHz.

The methodology for measuring reflection coefficients was based on recording reflected narrow-band radio pulses from the soil cover using horn and log-periodic antennas in the bi-static radar probing scheme at a 35-degree angle. Experimentally, it was determined that the remotely measured soil moisture and its chemical composition, at the frequencies of the experiment, assuming a uniform dielectric half-space, with a correlation coefficient squared of 0.780-0.897 and a root-mean-square deviation of 1.3-2.3% (depending on the polarization used), align with the volumetric moisture of the soil surface and its chemical composition, measured by the contact method in the 0 - 0.5 cm layer.
The use of various frequencies needs additional verification under different conditions of soil surface roughness and vegetation cover. The proposed model of the moisture profile and the soil's chemical composition, in the form of a piecewise-linear function, allows for remote reflectometric method measurements of soil parameters in the 10 cm layer with a correlation coefficient squared of 0.758 and a root-mean-square deviation of 2.4% relative to the soil moisture measured by the contact method.

Employing a more extensive set of frequencies when measuring the reflection coefficient can significantly enhance the accuracy of soil profile measurements and also increase the number of simultaneously recovered parameter tasks. In this regard, the undeniable advantage of using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) pulse signals, whose spectrum is concentrated in a very broad frequency range, is crucial for the further development of the technology for remote measurement of soil parameters in the tillage layer.

Using UWB electromagnetic pulses with a continuous spectrum allows us to solve a multi-parametric task using more complex models of moisture profiles and the chemical composition of the soil, reducing error when using a simpler piecewise-linear model. Furthermore, unlike the bi-static probing scheme, it is necessary to further explore the possibilities of multi-frequency probing of moisture profiles in the nadir. The monostatic scheme of UWB pulse probing in the nadir appears to be the most appropriate when placing transceivers on a single carrier.

The monostatic scheme of UWB pulse probing with a side-view in the direction of the reverse scattering of the wave also requires additional justification and research. In the future, UWB pulse probing technology, thanks to the availability of miniature electronic devices, may be implemented for ultra-light unmanned aerial vehicle platforms for mapping the chemical composition and moisture in the tillage layer of the soil.

Exploring Soil Parameters Based on Field Spectrometric and Radar Data
Numerous soil studies have affirmed that in most instances, the fertility of agricultural lands deteriorates due to inadequate farming practices, water erosion, and insufficient or excessive fertilization. The latter can also lead to the pollution of groundwater and surface water, or the accumulation of chemical substances in dangerous concentrations in the soil. Developing principles for using agricultural lands, which avoid such extremes, is the main goal of the so-called precision agriculture concept. This is aimed at ensuring the necessary amount of nutrients and moisture characteristics in the soil, required to support optimal growth of agricultural plants. One of the main obstacles to implementing this concept is the heterogeneity of the soil cover, often even within a single land parcel

In light of this, even with the technical capability to perform a wide spectrum of analyses and determine soil fertility through various methods, most of them are quite labor-intensive and, in practice, do not allow correlating the properties of the soil cover of agricultural land parcels with the necessary spatial and/or temporal resolution.

We are developing a rapid method for determining the fertility parameters of soils for agricultural lands, based on radar methods of measuring the chemical composition of soils. This method utilizes a blend of spectrometric and radar data, seeking to deliver not only a quick assessment but also to substantiate the accuracy and reliability of such rapid diagnostics of the soil state.

Integrating Radar Methods for Precision in Agricultural Lands Assessment
The radar methods we develop aim to optimize the inputs and actions based on precise diagnostics and, as a result, to minimize the environmental footprint and ensure the sustainability of agricultural practices. The method involves deploying radar technologies that utilize electromagnetic waves to penetrate the soil, obtaining data about its structure and characteristics. Subsequently, these data are analyzed in combination with spectrometric methods, which allow for determining the chemical composition of the soil without direct contact.

This interdisciplinary approach, combining radar and spectrometric methodologies, provides a comprehensive profile of the soil, revealing aspects related to its physical state, moisture content, and chemical makeup. The ultimate goal is to facilitate data-driven decisions in agricultural practice, ensuring that the soil is managed and utilized in a way that sustains its fertility and health while optimizing crop yield and minimizing negative environmental impacts.
Through careful calibration and validation against traditional laboratory soil tests, this method aims to provide a powerful tool for farmers and agricultural researchers. It is designed to guide precise interventions, such as the targeted application of fertilizers and other amendments, ensuring that the crops receive precisely what they need for optimal growth, while environmental impacts are mitigated.
Further research and field tests will substantiate the efficacy and applicability of this method in various agricultural contexts, paving the way toward more sustainable and precise agriculture.

The utilization of Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy, long recognized as one of the most promising methods for soil study is founded on the interaction of molecules with electromagnetic energy in the IR spectrum region. A distinctive feature of the mid-IR range is that it encompasses so-called fundamental molecular vibrations. When a molecule absorbs IR radiation at frequencies corresponding to its intrinsic vibrations, it leads to an amplification of vibrational amplitudes. Since each frequency corresponds to a specific energy quantity and distinct molecular motion (e.g., stretching, bending of chemical bonds), the mid-IR spectrum allows the identification of molecular motion types and functional groups present in the molecule. Consequently, this information can serve as a unique characteristic of the soil, akin to a human fingerprint in dactyloscopy.

Field studies utilizing spectroscopy methods, in our case, are determined by the need to establish STANDARD characteristics of the soils under investigation, to conduct comparative analysis of data obtained through spectrometric and radar methods.

The objectives solved using these methods in the field of soil research are reduced to their use for assessing trace elements and organic substances in the soil. Such soil mineral elements as C, N, P, K, S, Ca, and trace elements play a pivotal role in the development of agricultural crops and, consequently, determining their concentrations is crucial for the application of precision farming concepts. There are quite a substantial number of publications on this topic in scientific literature. One of the best overviews of research in this direction, using spectroradiometric methods, has been prepared in 2006 by a team of authors Rossel R.A.V., Walvoort D.J.J., McBratney A.B., Janik L.J., Skjemstad J.O. in the study "Visible, near-infrared, mid infrared or combined diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for simultaneous assessment of various soil properties".

The most common approach involves searching for correlational relationships between the element content and the spectral brightness indicator, and in our case, the reflection/absorption indicators of radio waves of a certain range. In the overwhelming majority of studies, strong correlational relationships (above 0.9) between the organic carbon content in the soil and the spectral brightness indicator are noted. High values (R>0.80) were also obtained for the total nitrogen content. Although no correlations for nitrates were found in the study Rossel R.A mentioned above.
This conclusion is refuted by strong correlational relationships with spectral brightness obtained by other research teams, e.g. Linker R., Kenny A., Shaviv A., Singher L., Shmulevich I. "Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection nitrate determination of soil pastes using principal component regression, partial least squares, and cross-correlation", Borenstein A., Linker R., Shmulevich I., Shaviv A. "Determination of soil nitrate and water content using attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy" and Jahn B.R., Linker R., Upadhyaya S.K., Shaviv A., Slaughter D.C., Shmulevich I. "Mid-infrared spectroscopic determination of soil nitrate content".

Pertaining to potassium, phosphorus, and organic substances, contradictory results have been obtained. In studies Du C.W., Zhou J.M., Wang H.Y., Chen X.Q., Zhu A.N., Zhang J.B. "Determination of soil properties using Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy"., the correlation coefficient for potassium concentration was 0.85. Some studies report lower correlation coefficients R=0.6 and R=0.76. A high degree of connection is noted for phosphorus – R=0.87 and R=0.81. Despite significant results for organic substances reflected in studies Masserschmidt I., Cuelbas C.J., Poppi R.J., De Andrade J.C., De Abreu C.A., Davanzo C.U. "Determination of organic matter in soils by FTIR/diffuse reflectance and multivariate calibration" with correlation coefficient values above 0.90, a very weak correlation between spectra and the content of organic matter was determined.

Navigating Through a Tangle of Wires
Cable administration in large data centers is a complex and critically imperative task. With data volumes soaring and network topologies becoming increasingly intricate, a myriad of challenges that demand particular attention emerges.

First Roadblock – Cable Management
Large data centers often grapple with hundreds, if not thousands, of intertwining cables, creating a maze that complicates maintenance. Mismanagement of these routes can cause frequent disruptions and prolong downtime during repairs.

Second Hurdle – Scalability
As the number of servers and devices balloons, manually managing cable infrastructure turns into a herculean task. The need for automated monitoring, identification, and cable management ascends.

Third Challenge – Ensuring Fail-Safe Operations
A failure of a cable or connector can spell operational havoc, which is intolerable for a data center. Implementing redundant pathways and quick-replacement mechanisms becomes a necessity.

Fourth Issue – Labels and Identification
Accurate labeling of cables, their types, and their purpose allows for swift maintenance operations, while mislabeling can sow confusion and mistakes.

Heralding a New Era with Microwave Interface
The development of a Microwave (MW) interface for communication between server racks in data centers unlocks new horizons of efficiency and performance. Utilizing the principle of focused radiation in the ultra-high-frequency range, this interface is poised to provide a high-throughput radio channel.

Ultra-High-Frequency Communication
The ultra-high-frequency emission enables the concentration of data flow between server racks in narrow beams, minimizing interference and reducing transmission latency. This ensures rapid and stable information exchange, which is critically vital for modern, high-performance data centers.

Enhanced Throughput with MW Interface
Employing an MW interface amplifies throughput, enabling the processing of large data volumes with minimal latency. This contributes to more efficient application performance, nimbler response to alterations, and enhanced scalability.

All these aspects coalesce, offering a technologically advanced solution that not only addresses the perennial problems faced by data centers but also heralds a futuristic approach in managing data flow and connectivity within them, ensuring that the data highway is not just broad, but also free of obstructions and delays.

In the intricate web of modern transportation systems, railways prominently thread through the tapestry, silently but persistently powering the mobility of millions across the globe. But beneath the rhythmic roars of the engines and the familiar clatter of wheels against the tracks lies a nuanced world of complexity, demanding precision, efficiency, and an unswerving dedication to safety and reliability. Thus, the advent of an innovative Software-Hardware Complex for Management Automation heralds a new era, weaving technology and intelligent management into the very soul of railway transport.

Pioneering Uncharted Terrains: The Software-Hardware Symphony
The intricacies of railway transport management extend far beyond the visible tracks and locomotives. It encompasses a mammoth web of data, control systems, communication networks, and power management systems, all of which must perform in a flawless symphony to ensure smooth, safe, and punctual journeys. The software-hardware complex emerges as a maestro, conducting a harmonious performance by integrating cutting-edge software with resilient hardware, thereby automating and enhancing the management of railway transport systems.
The software component ensures a multitude of functionalities, including but not limited to dynamic route optimization, predictive maintenance, real-time data analysis, and adaptive control mechanisms. Concurrently, the robust hardware, embedded with intelligent sensors, actuators, and control units, provides a reliable physical platform, ensuring impeccable execution of the software's analytical and adaptive directives.

Sailing Smoothly on the Rails of Automation
The marriage of advanced software and hardware within the complex ensures a rail management system that is perceptively attuned to the multifaceted variables influencing railway operations. The integrated systems autonomously manage train schedules, monitor machinery health, adapt to fluctuating energy demands, and ensure real-time communication between various components, both moving and stationary. This not only elevates operational efficiency and safety but also ensures an enhanced, reliable experience for passengers and operators alike.
Automated management encompasses the adept handling of logistical challenges, mitigating possible delays, enhancing maintenance protocols, and reducing unscheduled downtimes. In an ecosystem where timeliness is paramount, the automated complex ensures that both machinery and management processes perform in impeccable synchrony, thereby amplifying reliability and diminishing operational disruptions.

Empowering Sustainability on the Rails
In an epoch that ceaselessly seeks sustainable alternatives, the software-hardware complex is not merely an epitome of technological advancement, but also a beacon of eco-conscious innovation in railway management. By automating and optimizing energy management, maintenance schedules, and operational processes, the complex minimizes energy consumption, reduces wear and tear, and optimizes resource utilization.
In effect, this not only ensures a reduction in operational costs but also significantly mitigates the ecological impact of railway transport, thereby marrying technological advancement with environmental stewardship.

Concluding Journeys: Beyond Destinations to a Future of Innovations
The software-hardware complex for management automation in railway transport catapults the sector into a future where technology, efficiency, and sustainability coalesce into an integrated entity, driving not just trains but an entire ideology forward.

As we board this innovative train powered by intelligent automation and management, we traverse more than geographical landscapes; we journey through an era where every travel is wrapped in the assurance of safety, punctuality, and a conscientious nod to ecological sustainability.